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The origin of the Enneagram
Representing nine personality typesEnneagramIt is said to have originated in Central Asia 2,500 years ago. It possesses mystical powers that can explain the mysteries of the heavens in the human world, and it is also a tool for pursuing spiritual cultivation.
In the 1960s, Oscar Ichazo, a psychologist from Chile, developed a graphic model of nine basic personality types. In the early 1970s, more than 80 Americans visited Chile to study under Ichazo, introducing the nine types to the United States. Over the next 20 years, many experts and scholars enriched the nine personality types by incorporating elements of modern psychology, resulting in a variety of interpretations, some of which differ slightly, and which cannot be considered a single orthodox model.
The first International Conference on Type 9 Personality, hosted by scholars at Stanford University in the United States in 1994, attracted 1,400 participants from over 20 countries, and the organization was established as an international organization that same year. The second international conference concluded in August 1997.
The modern Enneagram
The Enneagram is not a religion, and today psychologists of all schools of thought have found it to be consistent with modern personality discourse. The nine personality types are simple, precise, and extensive. It describes a higher level of cognition for each personality, showing us how we deal with our own personality on a daily basis, allowing us to truly recognize ourselves, understand others, and find the key to the destiny that is subtly pulling us in that life.
Everyone is born with their own unique personality. The nine personality types described in the Nine Types Theory are neither good nor bad. There are fundamental differences in how people with different personality types react to the world. It is now recognized that our individuality is our own, and that it filters and interprets what we see and hear. The basic principle of the Nine Types Theory is that each of us has one of nine possible "filters," which are always hidden in the layers of our subconscious.
However, as we grow and are exposed to external influences such as family, school, friends, and society, our personalities develop biased perspectives that not only affect how we view others and interpret things, but often also form the basis of our choices of action.The Enneagram is a guide to self-observation and self-exploration. It can also be used as such.
Enneagram and Business
By understanding the nine personality types, you can discover your true personality. This means knowing your strengths and weaknesses, maximizing your potential, finding strategies to move to the next level, and grasping the true source of your motivation.
The nine personality types of the Enneagram are also known as Personal Stylistics or Nine Personalities. It has become one of the most popular courses among MBA students at prestigious universities such as Stanford University in the United States, and its popularity has been growing in academia and business in Europe and the United States over the past decade. Executives at Global 500 companies are studying the "nine personality types" to help with employee development, team building, and improving execution.
The Enneagram and Dr. Thomas's Nine Temperaments
The first systematic longitudinal study on infant temperament was initiated in 1956 by Dr. Alexander Thomas and Dr. Stella Chess. Later, in their 1977 book, "Temperament and Development," Dr. Thomas and Dr. Chess stated that nine personality types can be observed in babies aged 2-3 months. In her 1977 book, "Temperament and Development," Dr. Stella Chess states that there are nine different temperaments in babies aged 2-3 months.
- rhythmicity
Examples: bodily functions (sleep, eating, excretion) are regular, irregular, etc. - activity level
Examples: very active, quiet, high-energy, etc. - Mood (quality of mood)
Examples: Laughing often, crying often, not showing emotions outwardly, etc. - approach or withdrawal
Examples: feeling excited about something new, feeling shy, etc. - Adaptability
Examples: adapting quickly or slowly to changes in environment, etc. - Intensity of reaction
Examples: sensitive to external and internal stimuli, or not very concerned about them, etc. - Response threshold
Examples: sensitive to external and internal stimuli, or not very concerned about them, etc. - Attention span and persistence
Examples: able to immerse oneself in one thing, easily distracted, easily bored, etc. - Behavioral variability (distractibility)
Examples: not giving up easily, not listening to others once you've made up your mind, giving up easily, etc.
Furthermore, Dr. David Daniels, a professor of clinical psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine, discovered that these nine temperaments precisely correspond to the Enneagram.
Unlike other personality classifications today, the Enneagram reveals a person's deepest values and areas of focus, regardless of superficial behavioral changes. It allows you to truly understand yourself and others, understand your own personality, fully accept your weaknesses, and leverage your strengths. It also helps you understand the personality types of others, enabling you to communicate and interact with diverse individuals and build more genuine and harmonious partnerships.
List of Enneagram types (click to view)
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