By comparing a country's culture with those of other cultures around the world, we can understand the factors that deeply drive its unique culture. A country's culture reflects the central trends of its society.
For example, every individual possesses uniqueness, but due to social control, most people do not deviate significantly from norms (standards).
Power Distance Index
The fact that every single person is different means that all people are inherently unequal.One of the most prominent aspects of inequality is the degree to which each person has the power to influence the thoughts and actions of others.is.
This dimension isThis addresses the fact that not all individuals in society are equal, and the cultural attitudes toward such power inequalities among us.This represents...
Power distanceThat is,The degree to which weaker members of a country's institutions or organizations are likely to accept that power is distributed unequally.This is how it is defined.
China, with a score of 80, is at the top of the power gap index.It is located here.A society that considers inequality among people to be acceptable.is.The relationship between subordinates and superiors is becoming polarized.There is a tendency for this to happen, and there are no means of defense against abuse of power by superiors.
Individuals are influenced by public authority and sanctions, but there is generally optimism about people's leadership and initiative abilities.
Also,People should have aspirations that transcend their rank (class).It is not believed that this is the case.
Individualism indicators (vs. collectivism)
The fundamental issue addressed at this level is the degree of interdependence that society maintains among its members.This is it.This relates to whether people define their self-image using "I" or "we".I am doing it.
In an individualistic society, people only care about themselves and their immediate family (direct family).That's what's planned.In collectivist societies, people belong to a "group" that will take care of them in exchange for their loyalty.。
China, with a score of 20, has a very collectivist culture.And people do not necessarily do so for their own benefit,Acting in the best interests of the groupI will.
When hiring or promoting, consideration is given to the group, and close groups (such as family) are given priority.
Employees' level of engagement with the organization (not necessarily with people within the organization) is not very enthusiastic.
Relationships with colleagues can be cooperative within the in-group (within the group), but cold and even hostile outside the out-group (outside the group).Personal relationships take priority.It will be done.
China, at 66 years old, is a male-dominated society, driven by success and full of motivation.
The desire to ensure success at all costs isMany Chinese people work even at the expense of prioritizing family and leisure time.This is symbolized by the fact that...
People in the service industry (such as hairdressers) provide services late into the night. Leisure time is not that important to them.
The migrant farmers and laborers left their families behind in distant lands in order to find better jobs and wages in the cities.
Another example is that Chinese students are very concerned with their test scores and rankings. This is because,Because this is the main criterion for success or failure.。
Uncertainty avoidance indicators
Uncertainty aversion relates to how society deals with the fact that the future can never be known.
Will you try to control the future, or will you simply let things take their course?The uncertainty of the future leads to anxiety, and the way we deal with that anxiety varies from culture to culture.
The degree to which members of a culture have created beliefs and institutions to avoid situations they perceive as ambiguous or unknown.This is reflected in the score of the "uncertainty aversion index."
China has a low score of 30 for "uncertainty avoidance."That's right. Truth may be relative, but in our immediate society, there is an interest in truth, and rules (not necessarily laws) abound. However,Adherence to laws and regulations can be done flexibly according to the actual situation, and is pragmatic.That's the current situation.
Long-term orientation index (vs. short-term orientation index)
In this dimension,All societies must maintain some connection to their past while addressing present and future challenges.This explains that the priorities for these two existential goals differ depending on the society.
For example, in this dimensionA normative society with a low score maintains old traditions and norms while viewing social change with skepticism.I like to do that.
on the other hand,Cultures with high scores tend to take a more pragmatic approach, encouraging frugality for the future and emphasizing modern education.I will.
China scored 87 points in this category, demonstrating a very pragmatic culture.This means that.
In a pragmatic society, people believe that truth is heavily influenced by the situation, context, and era.They have the ability to easily adapt traditions to changing circumstances, a strong tendency to save and invest, are thrifty, and possess the perseverance to achieve results.There is.
Indulgence (satisfaction, laissez-faire, carefree) indicators (vs. restraint)
One of the challenges that humanity has faced, both in the past and present, isTo what extent are young children socialized?That's the point. Without socialization, we cannot become "human beings."
This dimension isThe degree to which a person tries to control their desires and impulses based on the environment in which they grew up.It is defined as follows.
The tendency to try to control impulses with relatively little force is called "licentiousness (fulfilling, laissez-faire, carefree)." They call it,The tendency to try to control impulses relatively strongly is called "restrained." This is what we call it. In this way, cultures can be classified into "licentious" and "restrained."
Societies with low scores in this dimension tend to have a tendency towards cynicism and pessimism.There is.
Furthermore, in contrast to a "laissez-faire" society,In a "restraint-based" society, leisure is not given much importance, and the fulfillment of desires is controlled.People with this orientation perceive their behavior as being restricted by social norms.There's something wrong with spoiling yourself.That's how I feel.
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- Cultures of various countries around the world
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For those who want to learn more about Dr. Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, see below ↓
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